A novel double-side welding approach for friction stir welding of polypropylene plate

Abstract In almost every industry, polymer materials are in high demand recent years due to their lightweight and easy formability. However, eco-friendly, cost-efficient defect-free joining of polymers is a major concern. this article, novel approach taken for friction stir welding polypropylene by implementing double-side technique. The effect tool rotational speed on construction properties the welded joints studied. torque forces exerted during compared with single-side welding. Cross-sectional morphology examination using optical scanning electron microscope reveals sound weld uniform material flow. molecular bonds specimens examined FTIR analysis. technique yields superior terms tensile strength flexural than obtained